Globalization and Early America, 1492-1750

America’s present is significantly shaped by its past. Hence, it is vital for one to grasp the concepts that formed America to what it is now. Globalization in America is one of the key notions that play a vital role in forming today’s society. Though several scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the European age of discovery and voyages to the New World. However, did early American history play a role in creating today’s globalization? Does globalization in the past play a positive, or negative role in this time period? While some might argue that weakening national autonomy is a negative result of globalization, others might defend that it has also sparked economic innovation. One of the major characters that changed the history of the world was Christopher Columbus. What would be the outcome today if Columbus never discovered the New World? Firstly, colonization would be nonexistent. In addition, without colonization U. S. ould have never created. The creation of the U. S. helped move much of the world towards democracy. It also led to the development of what is now the world's only superpower. A world without the United States is impossible to imagine today. Furthermore, a discovery by another major character, Ferdinand Magellan, also had a tremendous impact on the history of the world. He proved that oceans connected continents rather than dividing them. How did this important discovery influence today’s economy? By having the knowledge that oceans were great global passageways, Magellan had demonstrated that continents could be linked. Europe had the opportunity to establish a great economy and military power over Asian, Africa and the Americas that created great global trade networks. This was the beginning of the creation of globalization, which is very significant for today’s world economy. This also further demonstrates that early American history did play a role in creating today’s globalization.

A promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable

A promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable Consideration means that a promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable in the courts unless you can establish that you have  given something  for it. Suppose I promise to deliver a ton of gravel to you next week – you get your shovel and barrow ready, and I don’t turn up. I probably would not be liable to you in damages, because you haven’t given anything in return, and merely getting your barrow ready would not be sufficient reliance to make it enforceable. However, if at the time of making the arrangement, you said that you would pay me $10 per ton for the gravel that would be sufficient consideration.  A promise to pay  is sufficient to count as  giving something, even though the promise is not to be put into effect for some time yet.’’ What is Constitute Consideration? Consideration is one of the three essential elements of a valid contract. A promise is made withou t consideration; it does not constitute a valid contract and cannot be enforced in law. Only the contract that has valuable consideration is a valid contract. In a common promise unconfirmed by consideration is not a binding contract. A promise is give without consideration but is intended by the parties to affect an existing contract between them which has been acted upon by one party, and then such promise may be used as a defence by the party to enforce the existing contract. Valuable consideration has been defined as some right, interest, profit or benefit accuring to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other at his request. Consideration may be executed or executor, but it may not be past, it need not be adequate, but it must be of some value; and it must move from the promise. In the case of Thomas v Thomas (1842) 114 ER 330, QB, the court held that even though the payment of  £1 a year towards the ground-ven t was a very small sum, it was a valuable consideration and enough to complete the contract. Consideration must be clearly associated with the promise, and past consideration is generally unacceptable. In the case of Re McArdle (1951) 1 All ER 905, CA, the occupants of a house carried out various repairs and improvement, and after the work was complete the beneficial owners of the house promise to pay for this work. They did not pay and the occupants sued. The court of an application held that the consideration for the promise was past and there was no contract. In another way, the occupants failed in the suit because the beneficial owners of the house made the promise after the work was complete. In another case Lampleigh v Braithwait (1615) 80 ER 255, Common Bench said that D asked P to get him a royal pardom. P successful in obtaining to pay him  £100. The majority of breach held that where D makes a request that P does his same service is performed, D promises to pay for it th e promise and the request go together and there is a binding contract. However, the performance of an existing duty cannot constitute consideration. In the case of Collins v Godefroy (1831) 109 ER 1040, KB, D’s subpoena P as a spectator. In court and promise to pay him some fee for his time. D did not pay, in the court held that since the subpoena compulsory a legal duty on P to appear at court, this cannot constitute consideration.

Intercultural Conflict Resolution in Schools Assignment

Intercultural Conflict Resolution in Schools - Assignment Example Note that for research purposes, the real names of respondents were replaced. Justine: These programs help to establish peace, remove vehemence and create healthy relationships among students. In schools where cultural conflict is low, programs such as the Resolving Conflict Creatively Program (RCCP) have been implemented to help bring an understanding between students of different cultures. Justine: The schools address cultural conflicts by making sure these programs are run and encouraging teachers and parents to respect the diverse cultures within each school system. This starts by learning of the practices in other people’s cultures in order to ensure awareness. For instance, one’s culture may permit interaction of both sexes both in classroom sitting arrangements and the playgrounds while another culture is against this. The awareness by the students will ensure that the activities conducted by the students do not bring conflicts among them. The school should implement policies that respect each culture. They should educate on the harms of intercultural conflicts and penalize those who are intolerant to coexistence. Justine: The beliefs of some cultures lead to intercultural conflicts. This is for instance, in cases where big Korean girls share the same school with smaller Korean girls. According to their beliefs, the bigger girls are allowed to assault the smaller ones in case they believe they do not receive enough respect from them. This leads to conflicts. Justine: Students experience different conflicts in relation to cultural difference. These include socio-economic status conflicts, for instance as seen between Iranians and Soviet Armenians who share same cultural views but the conflict in socio-economic status from back in their communities. Conflicts are also evident in the formation of cliques, the rise of fights, formation of gangs, and even in assigning homework.

Business LAw 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business LAw 1 - Assignment Example The product of trade for this company is a motor vehicle spare part. It is imperative to note that, a private company limited by shares members are required to pay amounts they owe to the company as its debtors in respect of shares that were sold to them on credit and have not been paid in full. This study considers a limited liability company. This is because; it is the most popular form of establishing a commercial company in the UAE. Additionally, and it blends aspects of both partnership and corporate structures. In addition, article 281 to 255 of the CCL regulates the establishment of limited liability companies. Furthermore, it requires a minimum capital of Dh 300,000. Conversely, under the amended UAE law of 1984, a private company must have at least two shareholders (American-Arab Affairs Council, 1984). The new law allows incorporation of a company by a sole shareholder holding all the shares in the company. The management of LLC is vested in the managers. On the same note, it is easy to establish a LLC in the UAE since it requires a business licence only (Wattson, 2003). A memorandum of Association under UAE commercial Companies law Lord Cairns judicially defined a memorandum of association in Ashbury Railway Carriage Co Ltd v Riche as the charter, which define the inadequacy of the powers of a corporation to be established under the Act (Pennington, 2005). The following are the contents to the ADC Company Limited’s memorandum of association. ADC Company Limited Memorandum of Association 2012 1st The name of the of the company is the ADC Company Limited 2nd The registered headquarters of the corporation will be located in Dubai (UAE) 3rd The objects for which the company is established are buying, exporting of the motor vehicle spare parts amid such places as the corporation may from time to time decide and the responsibility of other things as is conducive to the attainment of the above object. 4th The liability of the shareholders is limited 5th The share capital of the company is Dh 300,000 divided into 1000 shares of Dh 300 each (Dine, 2009). Two recent changes in the UAE Federal or local laws and their minimum effects on the business Essentially, numerous changes have been made in the Federal laws on the LLC. The most recent ones include the valuation of the non-cash consideration for shares and the Fiduciary-like obligations of LLC’s managers (Mamoud, 2001). The new provision provides that non-cash consideration for shares in LLCs shall be valued at the cost of the contributing shareholders by one or more consultants approved by the competent authority. In addition, the agreement of all shareholders, if a competent authority approves such value. The proposed valuation procedure for non-cash consideration for shares in LLLCs is more burdensome than the previous and existing CCL, which allows shareholders to consent on a valuation and replicate that valuation in the articles of the LLC (United Arabs Emirates & Hall, 1984). It is fundamental to note that, the only non-cash consideration, which is currently accepted by a majority of authority in some Emirates, is the real properties. The principal effect expected upon application of the new valuation of non-cash consideration on LLCs shares is that, it is time consuming and hectic in execution (Rao, Kashani & Marie, 2010). However, the new aspect of valuation of non-cash consideration is advantageous in providing a high level of accuracy and transparency. On the other hand, the CCL on Fiduciary-like ob

Social Welfare for Children in Kuwait Research Paper

Social Welfare for Children in Kuwait - Research Paper Example In general, the state is committed to providing the welfare of children as stipulated by the constitutional principles, as well as Kuwait’s international obligations under the conventions and treaties it has signed and ratified. Some of these treaties and conventions include the 1973’s International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention, which concerns the minimum age for admission to employment (No. 138), and the 1999’s ILO convention that concerns primary with the prohibition and immediate action for eliminating worst forms of child labor (no. 182). The government has taken the convention regarding the rights of children, and two optional protocol measures to protect the rising generation from any forms of exploitation, and spiritual or physical harm.   In addition, it guarantees a right to education, introduced free compulsory education, and delivers treatment as well as healthcare for infectious diseases. Therefore, the government has taken up a number of mea sures as discussed below in order to keep up with these principles (Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations, 2007).   The government provides primary healthcare along with preventive services for children, in order to lower the mortality rates, and encourage healthy living behaviors. Furthermore, it also shields children from exposure to delinquency, neglect, bodily harm and infringements of their freedom through criminalizing such acts and imposing very high penalties on them (United Nations, 2011).   In order to deal with these.

How does FTAs(Free Trade Agreements) affect between U.S and South Essay

How does FTAs(Free Trade Agreements) affect between U.S and South Korea - Essay Example And now they are finally reached an agreement for free trade between two countries. And South Koreans are quiet happy over it, because South Koreans economic analysts felt that as a unilateral threat. It was announced on 2nd February, 2007 and was finalized on 2nd April 2007. It is believed to be the second biggest Free Trade agreement by United States. South Korea is one of the largest exporters in auto market and also electronics market, so there is a lot of scope for Korean goods in United States. Now the ninety percent tariff would be eliminated on goods being imported from these countries. After Free Trade agreement they can easily export their goods in United States, which was a major concern of Koreans. They used to think that United States is taking more benefits from their country, as Korea is one of the biggest markets for US goods, so it was the reason that they consider economic ties between United States and Korea as unilateral instead of bilateral. The Free Trade Agreement or Treaty between United States and South Korea is beneficial and profitable for not only the governments who will definitely gain a lot of profit but mainly for the people of two countries, who will likely to be the major winners in this situation. They will have access to the new products on a reasonable price and also they will get new jobs, which is a result of new industries and investments. The trade relations between United States of America ... US helped in Korean independence and also played a major role in dividing two Koreas after World War II and like this two Koreas were formed, North Korea and South Korea. The relations between United States and South Korea are widespread from the beginning, since its independence in 1948. They shared great ties in political, economical and military grounds. US troops have been deployed in South Korea, as accordingly South Korea faces a serious military threat by its not-so-friendly neighbor, North Korea, but there comes a tragic incident of death of two girls by US troops in an accident during their training. The rage of nationalism hits South Korean at that point and now US is withdrawing its troops. Although they got internal pressure from their own country regarding this, as there are voices heard for that how economically expensive it is to deploy their troops in South Korea and that is also just for the threat by some other country. Although President Bush accused North Korea, along with Iran and Iraq as the "Axis of Evil", in his early days of president ship but now with the recent peace developments between North and South Korea, there is litt le need for US troops. The first reason for this is the insecurity felt by South Koreans regarding their trade relations with United States. South Korea is included in ten biggest markets of United States goods, which means that United States is earning a lot of revenue from South Korean market. But it is not the same with South Korea. They were not earning much from United States and this was what makes South Koreans insecure about this relationship. The analysts used to call it "unilateral relation"1. I think that with the background of this reason, it is the best that United States did.

World Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Civilizations - Essay Example As time flies by, African regions have been establishing contacts with other countries not only with Europe but also with other countries like the US, which aided notable developments in its society. However, the level of development and change still varies among these African regions. For example, the East African region has little improvement when it comes to its economy. Note that this region has been suffering from malnutrition, starvation due to food shortage and some illnesses which had badly been spreading widely across the region for almost 6 decades now (East Africa Crisis). Steps have been taken to get all the help from across countries. Many articles have already been published both in web pages and print. Call for donations and sponsorships have also gone live on-air and via new, but it seems that relief organizations are still having a hard time finding enough funds to overcome this problem. East Africa has been asking assistance from the US both for raising fund and conducting campaigns to raise awareness of the region’s situation. However, improvement is still at its littlest. Meanwhile, West Africa in majority is still suffering from poverty, drought, nutritional challenges and difficulty in earning money. But increasingly studies are showing that â€Å"sociocultural aspects are playing an increasingly important role† in the development of business in this region (Long, 2011). Reports have been made that China is trying to build business ties with countries located in this region. There are also reports of continuous efforts to connect West African business centers and universities to the rest of the world. Among the three regions, it appears that South Africa, labeled as the most developed region in Africa, has been the most changed by the foreign contact with culture and technology. According to Connor Septhon’s report, South Africa has a noticeably better infrastructure among these other regions.